CHAPTER 1
Introduction to NGOs
The NGOs or "not for profit "or "non profit entities" and associations like public trust established under Charity laws, society formed under the societies Registration Act, companies formed under section 25 of the Companies Act, 1956 etc., form part of the NGO sector in the country.
NGO may be defined as an association having a definite cultural, educational, economical, religious or social program registered with the Central Government. It is also useful to consider what not for profit actually means. Many non commercial organisations may make a profit in basic financial terms on their business transactions. School fees may cover cost and allow emergen of "profit". However, the concept of not for profit is related to the organisations for all orientation and long term goals. The school may use the margin of profit to develop its facilities and enhance educational quality levels while a golf club which makes a profit on its membership fees may use the proceeds to benefits its members by providing a subsidized bar and social events.
1. Definition of NGOs by the World Bank
The World bank defines NGOs as" private organisations that pursue activities to relieve suffering, promote the interest of the poor, protect the environment, provide basics social services or Undertake community development. "
2. Areas in which NGOs work
Age care (Care for the aged/ old persons)
Agriculture
Animal welfare
Art and craft
Child education
Cities or Urban Development
Community development
Culture and heritage
Drinking water
Education
Poverty removal
Science and technology development
Waste management
Housing and slums
Rural development
Environmental issues
Health and hygiene
HIV / AIDS
Disability
Women
Tribal people
3. Types of NGO or not for profit organisations
There are many different types of non commercial organisations ranking in size from small local concerns to large International Group. Generally, however, these fall into several main categories.
Cultural - Opera, ballet, theater, and other performing arts, museum, historical Society's, zoos and conservation societies.
Educational - private schools and colleges, Universities, business schools, other educational establishments.
Political - political parties, political candidates, political organisations, trade unions.
Public Interest - organisations campaigning for or against social issues such as fitness, health, drug abuse and smoking. Organisations offering a public service such as the Youth Hostels Association, marriage gardens services and the family planning Association.
Social - Chamber of Commerce, social clubs and organisations such as the scouts Association, golf clubs and other membership groups.
Religious - churches, religious movements.
Healthcare - nursing homes, hospitals, health research bodies, cancer support groups, AIDS Research and care trust, hospices.
Charitable and philanthropic :- local and international charities, Save the Children fund, the national Society for the prevention of cruelty to children, Rotary International.
These categories do represent, in the main not for profit organisations, Aldo there are operators within many of the categories who do operate businesses designed as profit making concerns. Desh Mein include health clinics specialising in cosmetic surgery on a full fee basis, and Independence secretarial colleges and training organisations.
4. Classification of NGOs by the World Bank
The World bank classified NGOs into two main categories :
1. Operating NGOs :- who's primary purpose is the design and implementation of development related projects.
2. Advocacy NGOs :- whose primary purpose is to defend or promote a specific cause and who seek to influence the policies and practices of the World bank.
The World bank classifies operations NGOs into three main groups
a) community - based organisations ( CBO'S), which serve a specific population in a narrow geographic area.
b) National organisations which operate in individual developing countries, and
c) International organisations, Vichar typically headquartered in developed countries and carry out operations in more than one developing country.
5. Organisation structure
The following forms of associations May act as NGO :
a) a trust of two or more persons as trustees there in. The trust maybe registered under the Indian trust act, 1882.
b) a company registered under section 25 of the Companies Act, 1956. Usually clubs, Association of professionals to get registered under this provision of the Companies Act,1956.
c) Society of persons registered under the provisions of the societies Registration Act, 1860 with the registrar of the society is with aims and objects and structure as laid down in the side act.
d) a statutory body consisting membership of persons constituted by or under a statute, having a structure as laid down in the statute by which it is constituted.
Blog writer :- Vaibhav Deshpande
कोई टिप्पणी नहीं:
एक टिप्पणी भेजें